EMC testing determines the requirements applied to all electrical or electronic devices, as long as the electromagnetic compatibility of an electrical or electronic device or system can be affected by other devices or disrupt other devices. Manufacturers prove compliance with EMC requirements by testing their products. EMC standards, which became mandatory for electronic devices in 1996, are made possible by the CE Mark obtained as a result of tests for manufacturers who want to present their products to the market. EMC regulation covers all installations consisting of Electrical and electronic devices and components.
EMC test mandatory devices
It is proven that the highest electromagnetic disruptive effect created by the devices will not prevent the use of the devices completed in the legislation or lead to any technical problems. These devices; industrial production equipment, radio and television receivers, radio equipment, mobile radio, and commercial radiotelephone equipment, household appliances, electronic household goods. Air and sea radios are electronic educational tools, lamps, fluorescent lamps, telecommunication networks, broadcast transmitters. Any effect that does not create a specific interference from an electromagnetic point of view at the stage of creating, transmitting, and receiving electromagnetic energy is defined as electromagnetic compatibility.
EMC testing is based on two groups
Electromagnetic compatibility is a sought-after criterion for the product to be presented to the market both in the domestic market and in exports. Also, EMC testing is mandatory. If the product does not comply with the terms and conditions in the country in which it is sold, it is not sold in that country. Some tests are performed at both the device level and the platform and system level. EMI-EMC standards are determined in the criteria used in these tests. These standards, which determine the electromagnetic quality of the product, examine broadcast and immune events, and in many cases, both events are referred to in one or the same standard. In electromagnetic compatibility, two main groups of electromagnetic interference emission (Emission) and immunity to electromagnetic interference (Immunity) are essential.
Emission Test Methods
Sion measurement of electromagnetic wave radiation, measurement of interference wave voltage and wave power, measurement of fragile interference waves, and low-frequency network interference waves. Immunity is in the form of phenomena such as discharge of static electricity, sudden pulse voltage spikes in conductors, high-frequency exposure through radiation and overvoltage jump, voltage interruptions. Emission tests, which are one of the main groups of EMC tests, are performed by two different methods; the current and voltage values of the device are measured in the conductivity test process. In the test conducted through radiation, the values of the electric field and magnetic field are measured.
4 Different Test Environments
The applications of the tests include 4 different test environments. These are; semi-reflective rooms, screened rooms, open field test areas, and fully reflective rooms. The screened room creates an area insulated from the external electromagnetic environment, the best example of this is the Faraday cage. A room without reflection is also an area with a material that absorbs an electromagnetic wave on its walls. The test limit value, method, and properties vary in the standards used in EMC testing applications. But in general, immunity and absorption are examined in two different categories. EMC testing, which is performed so that devices work under the desired conditions without being affected by other devices in the environment, is an immunity test. It is possible to examine this in two categories: continuous and discontinuous.
Continuous And Discontinuous Immune Tests
Electrostatic discharge, radiating RF, electromagnetic field tests. The electrical rapid transient regime, spikes, distortions transmitted by RF fields, magnetic distortions at network frequency, voltage pits, and short interruption tests are included in the immune tests ranking. Emission tests are radiation, transmission propagation, harmonics, voltage fluctuations and clipping, distortion power, and click (click) testing.